Health  Hints

The following information has been compiled from a variety of sources that are available on the web and through various information, education and scientific research organizations. The information provided are statements made pertaining to the properties of Olive oil, Ginger, Garlic, Capsicum (peppers), and Vinegar and/or functions of food and/or nutritional products on the human body and/or lab rats. While these specific claims, studies and opinions provided below have not been specifically evaluated and/or endorsed by the Food and Drug Administration, the veracity of the information remains clear, however, they are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. It is always a good idea to work in concert with your physician before engaging in any treatment.

 

 

PEPPER (CAPSICUM/Capsaicin)

pepperCapsaicin has been associated with many cures that include lowering blood pressure, reducing cholesterol and warding off strokes and heart attacks, speeding up metabolism, treating colds and fevers, preventing cancer and pain control. Capsaicin is a flavorless, odorless chemical concentrated in the veins of chiles and peppers.

The seeds grow next to the veins and absorb the chemical. Contrary to popular belief, the seeds are not the hottest part of a chile. Rather, the greatest heat is found in the capsaicin oil, which is found in the membranes and near the stems of chilies plants. Removing the seeds and especially the veins can reduce the heat by up to fifty percent. Otherwise, capsaicin is virtually indestructible and can withstand freezing, cooking and time.

Experts believe that capsaicin acts on and desensitizes nerve fibers that carry pain signals throughout the nervous system. Repeated and high doses of capsaicin prevent sensory nerves from replenishing their chemical stores and they basically run out of neurotransmitters (the chemical agents that transmit the message of pain to a nerve or muscle).

Chile also protects against the side effects of aspirin and chile eaters develop fewer peptic ulcers than those who eat plain foods. Also, rates of stomach cancer are unusually low in countries where chile peppers are part of a regular diet, as capsaicin appears to neutralize some carcinogens.

Research has proven that adding chile peppers to your foods can help your body burn calories faster (up to 45 calories more per meal than if you eat bland dishes) and speed up your metabolism. Chile peppers are an incredible replacement for the fat and salt in your diet as the flavors of the foods are enhanced sufficiently with the ingredients themselves.

When people eat hotter chiles, they experience pain in their mouths and throats. The nervous system reacts to the pain by releasing morphine-like endorphins. Endorphins create a sense of euphoria similar to the “runner’s high” that some people get from exercise. But since I don’t exercise, I will liken it to a good old-fashioned romp in the sack with Suzie Hot Pants! People who regularly eat chiles will find that they develop a tolerance to the heat and will have to eat increasingly hotter foods to get the high.

In addition to adding great flavor to food that thrills the palate, chiles offer the world some amazing health benefits. Fresh chiles offer the highest source of vitamin C available from any vegetable. Surprisingly, fresh, uncooked green chiles provide at least twice and up to eight times the amount that is available from citrus fruits. Chiles are also a good source of vitamin A. As chiles turn from green to red, they lose much of their vitamin C but gain vitamin A through increased amounts of carotene. When fresh chiles are dried they lose most of their vitamin C content, but their vitamin A content increases 100 times.

Medical research continues into the medicinal powers of peppers through scientific studies and clinical trials. In the years to come, perhaps society can blend the knowledge of the ancient cultures with modern medicine and arrive at a balance that ensures the prevention of disease and the promotion of good health, using every means at our disposal. Chiles are not only “hot” in popularity and flavor, but have proven to be very “healthy” as well.

As if the perfect balance of heat and award winning flavor isn’t enough, here are a few other reasons to eat Hot Sauce with every meal.

Capsaicin has been associated with many cures that include lowering blood pressure, reducing cholesterol and warding off strokes and heart attacks, speeding up metabolism, treating colds and fevers, preventing cancer and pain control. Capsaicin is a flavorless, odorless chemical concentrated in the veins of chiles and peppers.

The seeds grow next to the veins and absorb the chemical. Contrary to popular belief, the seeds are not the hottest part of a chile. Rather, the greatest heat is found in the capsaicin oil, which is found in the membranes and near the stems of chiles plants. Removing the seeds and especially the veins can reduce the heat by up to fifty percent. Otherwise, capsaicin is virtually indestructible and can withstand freezing, cooking and time.

Capsaicin and substances that contain it are among the most studied of substances in medical, pharmaceutical, and nutrition research. Although many of the claims have not yet been substantiated by scientific research, some of these uses have been around for hundreds of years, and they seem to work for many, many people:

Improves digestion by stimulating stomach secretions
Lowers triglycerides
Has a laxative effect
Triggers the release of endorphins
Unclogs stuffy noses by irritating mucus membranes
May reduce high blood pressure
May protect against some forms of cancer.

Capsaicin contains Vitamins A and C, and beta-carotene. It’s low in fat, calories and cholesterol. When taken internally, capsaicin stimulates circulation sequentially, from the internal organs to skin surface and subsequently throughout the entire body. When applied externally and once it penetrates the skin, capsaicin increases circulation to the site where it has been applied.

Capsaicin has been used medicinally for centuries. Hot peppers were one of the first plants domesticated in the Americas. Archaeologists believe people in Mexico were eating chiles and peppers as early as 7000 BC. Ancient pain-relievers and other medications used capsaicin as a major ingredient.

Capsaicin has been proven to be highly successful in relieving symptoms of arthritis, sports injuries, other kinds of chronic joint and muscle pain, and certain kinds of itching.

Capsaicin cream was originally used to treat the intense pain of herpes zoster (shingles), which is a nerve infection caused by chicken pox and usually afflicts adults. Medical studies have shown that capsaicin significantly lowers cholesterol and is a factor in warding off strokes and heart attacks.

Capsaicin has also been medicinally proven to aid in the human body’s process of digestion and protect against stomach ulcers and the ravages of alcohol. No wonder tequila and hot food make me feel so good!

Contrary to popular belief that ulcer sufferers should avoid spicy foods, a report published in “Digestive Diseases and Sciences” concluded that capsaicin increased blood flow in the stomach’s mucous lining, which may help in healing of the stomach tissue. Spicy cooking can have some unexpected health benefits. No longer is “hot spicy food” blamed for ulcers and other gastric ills. In fact, the opposite seems to be true.

Many of these health benefits are being investigated by the medical and pharmaceutical communities-one of the hottest research areas in the beginning of the millennium, in fact. Meanwhile, the people of countries where spicy cooking is the norm have understood the preventive and curative benefits of these substances for hundreds of years.

And if that’s not enough, capsaicin also appears to increase your metabolic rate so you can burn more calories. This is an important finding for dieters. If you sprinkle cayenne pepper flakes on your low-fat pizza or soup, toss some sliced jalapeno peppers into your salad, or chop some habanero peppers into your turkey chili, you may be able to lose weight faster! You’ll also benefit from the other perks: lower triglycerides and great digestion.

Improve the odds that your family will reap the health benefits of capsaicin. Keep a bottle of hot sauce on your kitchen table or counter. Low fat tortilla chips and hot sauce make a satisfying appetizer or after-school snack.

Jalapeno peppers and habanero peppers aren’t the only sources of capsaicin. You’ll find red and green peppers of the genus Capsicum in such staples as cayenne pepper and Tabasco too. The red chiles you find in Chinese cuisine and Thai cooking are also good sources of capsaicin.

“ This remarkable culinary herb is a classic, and powerful, “alterative” which means that it regulates an imbalance which has gone awry in either direction. In this case, if your stroke is ischemic (due to a clot cutting off proper blood flow to the brain) the Cayenne will stimulate the return of blood to the cerebral tissues. If, on the other hand, your stroke is hemorrhagic (a bleed inside the skull), the Cayenne will act as a local styptic (staunching blood flow). The best way to take Cayenne for maximizing your circulatory power is a hearty pinch in a small glass of water first thing each morning. You may want to find a small jar with a lid to shake up this fiery-hot and tasty little toast. Especially great on cold days; it will keep your feet and hands warm for hours.”

“Capsicum increases circulation of blood to peripheral tissues, ensuring that nutrients are delivered to needy areas. Capsicum also supports blood flow.”

“The hot stimulating properties of this pepper make it useful in clearing mucus, eliminating headaches and circulating the blood. Capsicum seems to have an antiinflammatory property and has also been found to protect the lung tissue. In this way it has shown to cut the recovery time of colds and flus in half when taken liberally in the early stages of these diseases.”

“The dried fruit is a powerful local stimulant with no narcotic effect, it is most useful in atony of the intestines and stomach. It has proved efficacious in dilating blood vessels and thus relieving chronic congestion of people addicted to drink. It is sometimes used as a tonic and is said to be unequalled in warding off disease (probably due to the high vitamin C content).”

“Researchers at Yale University School of Medicine have devised a candy, composed of hot chili peppers, to ease mouth pain in cancer patients. The taffy candy contains capsaicin — the active ingredient in chili peppers — to provide control of pain after repeated applications”

“Long used as a food spice and an aid to digestion, red chilies or cayenne peppers were once thought to aggravate stomach ulcers. This fear has been discounted by researchers who became excited by studies that indicated that capsicum could help prevent the formation of dangerous blood clots. Now new research is focusing on this spices ability to act as an anti inflammatory agent, and aid in controlling pain.”

“Doctors know that people suffering from osteoarthritis typically have elevated levels of decapeptide substance P (DSP) in their blood and in the synovial fluid that bathes their joints. DSP has two undesirable functions. First, it breaks down the cartilage cushions in joints, contributing to osteoarthritis. Second, it serves as a pain neurotransmitter in both osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. In other words, if you have a lot of DSP, you feel a lot pain.

However, researchers have discovered that capsaicin - known to chemists as trans-8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide - inhibits the activity of DSP. A cream containing capsaicin, rubbed on the skin, penetrates to arthritic joints, where it stops the destruction of cartilage, relieves pain, and increases flexibility.

In Thailand, ingestion of capsicum is associated with increased fibrinolytic activity and hypocoagulability, resulting in higher antithrombin III and lower plasma fibrinogen levels. These may explain the lower incidence of thromboembolic disease in Thai people.

Red pepper fruit were a better source of antioxidants than green fruit, due to greater contents of ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds, including capsaicinoids. Red fruit also had greater levels of total sugars than green fruit. As pepper consumption increases due to greater popularity of ethnic foods, peppers may provide notable amounts of antioxidants to the human diet.

Millions of people from many cultures from around the world enjoy the flavor and fire of hot foods. After all, chiles are the second most common spices in the world, following salt. Few people, however, realize the many health benefits that chile peppers offer. A substance called capsaicin causes the heat of chiles and peppers.

It is the presence of capsaicinoids that gives peppers their pungent favor. The favor of peppers varies with harvest time as the quantity of capsaicinoids increases during maturation. The amount of capsaicinoids also varies with species. Wilbur Scoville devised a means of measuring pepper ‘hotness’. He found some ‘mad’ volunteers to taste chilli powders on their own. The powders were then diluted down using sugar and water until they no longer burned the taster’s mouths. The more sugar that had to be added, the hotter the pepper. For example bell peppers were measured to be about 100 Scoville units, whilst the hottest known pepper was 577,000. Pure capsaicin has a value of 16 million Sc. units. Capsaicin is soluble in fats and oils but not in water. Therefore olive oil, milk, ice cream and peanut butter can calm the pepper whilst water will spread the flames!

1= 0 units
2= 500                                   TO 1,000 units
3=1000                                  to 1,500 units
4=1,500                                 to 2,500 units
5=2,500                                 to 5,000 units
6=5,000                                 to 15,000 units
7=15,000                               to 30,000 units
8=30,000                               to 50,000 units
9=50,000                               to 100,000 units
10=100,000                           to 300,000 units

Cholesterol is found almost exclusively in foods from animals (meats, eggs, oils), and is constantly made in the body, mostly in the liver and kidneys. While some cholesterol is essential in the formation of hormones and cell membranes, too much is dangerous. Many people process excess cholesterol naturally and never encounter any problems.

However, there are others who accumulate cholesterol in the blood, resulting in high serum cholesterol counts that lead to atherosclerosis, which is plaque deposits of cholesterol, fats, and other remains in the walls of medium-sized and large arteries. This condition causes the affected vessel to narrow as its walls become thick and hardened, which reduces circulation to organs and other parts of the body. These conditions are the major causes of heart attack, heart disease, chest pain, and other circulatory disorders.

Chile in the diet can enhance the means by which cholesterol and fats are processed. Studies have found that capsaicin works in two ways to reduce cholesterol levels: it decreases cholesterol absorption by the body so that more is excreted in the feces; and it increases the enzymes responsible for fat metabolism in the liver, so that more triglycerides, the hard insoluble fat, are secreted by the liver rather than accumulated in the body.

Studies have found that dihydrocapsaicin, a constituent of capsaicin, can lower blood levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), which contributes to atherosclerosis, and raise high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), which retards atherosclerosis. A study in India found that rats eating a high-fat diet that included chile and adequate protein experienced less weight gain and exhibited lower serum and liver triglyceride levels. Additionally, they found that capsaicin, when added to an established high-fat diet, actually reduced triglyceride levels in the blood.

However, capsaicin does not work alone. Studies have shown that the metabolizing benefits of capsaicin are dependent on sufficient amounts of protein in the diet. One such experiment found that rats fed capsaicin on high-protein diets maintained their growth rates, but that capsaicin added to low-protein diets actually decreased growth rates, possibly due to a reduction in fat absorption. Protein is essential for the processing and transportation of fat and the delivery of nutrients throughout the body. Capsaicin binds to protein after it is activated by metabolites in the liver, and this protein then carries the benefits of capsaicin, which include increased waste disposal and the enhanced absorption of nutrients, throughout the system.

There are other ways that the chile helps prevent heart disease. Capsaicin causes vasodilation, which opens blood vessels so that circulation is enhanced and blood pressure is lowered. Additionally, a Thai study found that chiles, included with a meal or held in the mouth temporarily, decreases blood-clotting mechanisms. However, many herb specialists assert that a cayenne-garlic-ginger combination is much more effective for preventing stroke and heart disease. The garlic softens arterial deposits, cayenne helps wash them away, and ginger enhances the effects of the cayenne.

Researchers at Oxford Polytechnic in England have found that some spicy foods, including chile peppers, boost the body’s metabolic rate, which can lead to weight loss. The twelve volunteers in their 1986 study ate identical 766-calorie meals. On one day, three grams each of chile powder and mustard were added to their meals; on the next day, nothing was added. On the days that the extra spices were added to their meals, participants burned from four to seventy-six additional calories, with an average of 45 calories burned.

Before we explain how chiles help to burn calories, let’s start with the basics. Metabolism is defined as the sum of all chemical processes that take place in the body as they relate to the movement of nutrients in the blood after digestion, resulting in growth, energy, release of wastes, and other bodily functions. Metabolism takes place in two steps. The first step is the constructive phase (anabolism), where smaller molecules (amino acids) are converted to larger molecules (proteins). The second step is the destructive phase, (catabolism). Larger molecules (as glycogen) are converted to smaller molecules (as glucose). Exercise, body temperature, hormone activity, and digestion can increase the rate of metabolism.

Here’s how it works: spices such as chile peppers help us burn additional calories by triggering a thermodynamic burn that can last up to five hours after eating. This process speeds up the metabolism, and melts calories while preventing new fat from forming. To keep your metabolism running at peak performance, Dr. Bryant Stamford, at the University of Louisville at Kentucky, councils that it is best to put peppers into many small meals throughout the day, instead of sitting down to the traditional three meals a day. “Many small meals create the thermic effect,” he said, “spurring the body on to burn more calories.”

Likewise, we’ve always wondered if chile peppers assist you in eating less because their burn may inhibit your ability to eat too much. While we didn’t find any scientific studies to back that up, we know from experience that it is more difficult to overindulge in a hot and spicy meal which causes the mouth to be slightly uncomfortable, than it is to overeat something more bland like potato chips.

We also know that chile peppers are an incredible replacement for the fat in your diet. Say goodbye to the butter on your baked potato and add some salsa instead. Sauté vegetables and chicken in hot sauce as opposed to oil. Add sparks to your salad with spices. Use your imagination and good chile taste and you’ll be sure to reduce by increasing the hot stuff in your daily meals.

Do fiery foods really melt the pounds away? Although we can’t promise you’ll lose weight while eating a chile pepper-laced chocolate cake, we believe peppers are a great way to perk up your metabolism, allowing it to run like a Ferrari instead of a Yugo. As always, it is best to follow a common-sense regimen for weight loss: eat less and exercise. However, it certainly can’t hurt to fire-up your metabolism with chiles, for a little extra after burner effect.

 

olive oilOLIVE OIL


The juice of the Olive tree, or Olive oil, is one of the most beneficial dietary fats you can consume. An intricate part of the “Mediterranean diet” for centuries, Olive oil is being studied more and more and the results are stunning. While scientists are still pressing deep into the mysteries of the olive, they are finding direct connections between the properties found in its juice and the well-being of the human body. Like most things in life which have been overused and abused and have subsequently become “bad” for us, fat is chief among them. FAT IS GOOD. We NEED fat in order to live. Cholesterol is GOOD. Our bodies need cholesterol for us to live. But, like anything else, too much can be deadly. Why is this so? Well, we need to consider what dietary fats are good for us and what aren’t so good, and why.

Olive oil is very high in a fat called “monounsaturated.” Chemically speaking, a monounsaturated fat isn’t very stable. The molecule wants to grab onto some free floating oxygen, and when it has enough oxygen, it changes to a saturated, or oxidized, fat.

So, what’s the big deal about that? Scientists have observed a special relationship between monounsaturated fat and lipoproteins. Lipoproteins in the blood serve to transport cholesterol, a necessary compound for living, around the body. The monounsaturated fat in olive oil encourages the body to produce high density lipoproteins (HDLs), and these HDLs do a good job of transporting cholesterol from place to bodily place. The low density lipoproteins (LDLs) are lazy transporters. They shuck off part of the cholesterol load on artery walls, and this can lead to heart attack or stroke. That’s the big deal!

We have given cholesterol such a bad name, but it is so vital to our lives. The problem is, we have too much of it! Consuming olive oil helps our bodies transport cholesterol around without clogging up our arteries. But what about other kinds of dietary fat? We can see that other oils give us either too much saturated or polyunsaturated fat in our diets. The saturated fat will create more of the lazy LDL cholesterol transporters while the polyunsaturated fat serves to reduce the number of efficient HDL transporters. Mentioned above is the chemical fact that monounsaturated fat molecules are unstable. They want to join with oxygen.

Studies have shown that women who consume olive oil on a daily basis have a significantly lower risk of getting breast cancer than those women who don’t. Lowering your risk of breast cancer is just one of the many benefits of olive oil.

There are many types of olive oil but the best kind is extra virgin, cold-pressed olive oil. Extra virgin and virgin olive oil are completely natural and unrefined. All other oils can be assumed to be refined or to contain a proportion of refined olive oil. Cold-pressed indicates that milling temperatures were kept below 30°C, preventing the destruction of the temperature-sensitive vitamins, antioxidants and flavor compounds.

Resist the temptation to place your beautiful bottle of olive oil on the windowsill. Light and heat are the #1 enemy of oil. Keep olive oil in a cool and dark place, tightly sealed.
Pure Olive oil must be stored in a cool, dark place in an airtight, dark glass bottle. Storing it in the refrigerator will cause the oil to congeal, however, it will liquefy one it returns to room temperature.

Studies show that olive oil (extra virgin) is helpful in lowering your blood pressure as well. The substance responsible is called polyphenols. Polyphenol is an antioxidant. Antioxidants prevent damage to blood vessels and cells by attacking free radicals that may be in your body.

Olive oil can also be effective in lowering your chance of rheumatoid arthritis. The exact mechanism has not been identified yet. However, in recent studies it has been shown that people who ate a significant amount of olive oil had a significantly lower chance of getting this disease that characterized joints by the stiffening over you.

Although olive oil is healthy, don’t eat too much. It is still fat. All fats contain the same amount of calories, meaning that if you consume too much you can still gain weight. Try replacing saturated fat such as butter and lard with olive oil.

Although olive oil and fish oil reduce arachidonic acid mobilization and subsequent metabolism through the PGHS-2 pathway in PMA-stimulated macrophages, only olive oil offers an additional beneficial effect by increasing •NO/O2- production.

Olive oil is a staple in the diet of Mediterranean countries. It is used not only in cooking, but also used liberally mixed with vinegar as a dressing, and even with cracked black pepper as a dipping sauce for foccacia bread. 40 years ago, when research of the Greeks living on the island of Crete, researchers where amazed by the results. Despite the high fat content in the traditional Greek diet, the residents of the island had an exceptionally low occurrence of heart disease. This led researchers to examine the diets of the Greek people to try to figure out what factors contribute to this low rate of heart disease. Their conclusion? Olive oil! The Greeks do not eat much butter or margarine, substituting olive oil instead.

By replacing the saturated fats in your diet with monosaturated fat, such as olive oil, the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level is lowered. However, the beneficial high-density proteins are left alone, thus the dangerous, artery clogging fat does not continue to accumulate. The benefits of this are long reaching. In a scientific project called the Seven Countries Study determined that 46 percent of middle aged deaths in American men were due to heart disease, while the percentage of deaths in Crete were only 4 percent-over 10 times lower. In addition to the benefits of the monounsaturated fats in olive oil, there are several other compounds that can benefit your health. These can stop damage in your arteries before it starts. Polyphenols are powerful antioxidants found in olive oil. These antioxidants disable the free radical oxygen molecules produced naturally by your body. This keeps the free radicals from attacking the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) which lowers the chances that they will stick to artery walls, clogging them and causing heart disease. The conclusion? Adding olive oil to your diet can help to keep your arteries clear.

In addition to being beneficial to your heart, there is evidence that it may also be able to help protect your breast as well. Researchers at the Harvard School of Public Health and the Athens School of Public Health studied the effects of olive oil on more than 2,300 women. They discovered that women who consumed olive oil more than once a day had a 25% lower risk of breast cancer, and in fact the female population of Greece is much less likely to die from breast cancer than woman in the United States. They believe the high concentration of vitamin E, which has been proven to slow or stop cell damage, found in olive oil , as well as, the polyphenols mentioned earlier contribute to this benefit.

Spanish researchers suggest that including olive oil in your diet may also offer benefits in terms of colon cancer prevention (5). Their study results showed that rats fed diet supplemented with olive oil had a lower risk of colon cancer than those fed safflower oil-supplemented diets. In fact, the rats that received olive oil had colon cancer rates almost as low as those fed fish oil, which several studies have already linked to a reduction in colon cancer risk.

Researchers at University Hospital Germans Trias Pujol in Barcelona compared the benefits of olive oil, a staple of the Mediterranean diet, with safflower and fish oil on rats to determine if the type, and not just the amount, of fat in the diet had an impact on tumor growth. “This study provides evidence that a five percent fat diet containing olive oil as compared with a five percent safflower oil diet prevents colonic carcinogenesis in rats, as occurs with five percent fish oil diets,” Professor Miguel Gassul and his colleagues reported in the journal Gut.

Researchers suspect olive oil protects against bowel cancer by influencing the metabolism of the gut. They think it cuts the amount of a substance called deoxycyclic acid and regulates the enzyme diamine oxidase which may be linked to cell division in the bowel. “The olive oil seems to reduce the amount of bile acid and increase the levels of the enzyme thought to beneficially regulate cell turnover in the gut,” Goldacre said in a telephone interview. Meat has the opposite effect because it tends to increase the amount of bile acid. Earlier animal studies have shown the benefits of olive oil over safflower and fish oil on pre cancerous cells and tumor growth.

A new study by researchers at the University of Oxford adds to the growing body of evidence that shows olive oil, a staple of the Mediterranean diet, is as good as fresh fruit and vegetables in keeping colon cancer at bay. Dr Michael Goldacre and a team of researchers at the Institute of Health Sciences compared cancer rates, diets and olive oil consumption in 28 countries including Europe, Britain, the United States, Brazil, Colombia, Canada and China.

People on high blood pressure medications may be able to reduce the amount of medicine they take if they substitute extra virgin olive oil for other types of fats in their diet, a study in the March 27, 2000 issue of the journal, Archives of Internal Medicine, reports. “The most important finding in this study is that the daily use of olive oil, about 40 grams per day, markedly reduces the dosage of (blood pressure medication) by about 50% in patients on a previously stable drug dosage” says L. Aldo Ferrara, M.D., Associate Professor of Internal Medicine at the Frederico II University of Naples in Naples, Italy and the study’s author. During the 12 month study, “daily dosages of blood pressure medication was reduced by 48 % during the olive oil diet and by 4% during the sunflower oil diet” reports Ferrara. Ferrara explains that only extra virgin olive oil contains antioxidants called “polyphenols”, which he and his fellow researchers think may be responsible for the drop in blood pressure seen in this study. Polyphenols are completely absent from sunflower oil, according to Ferrara and his colleagues. Continued research in this area is expected.

For centuries, olive oil has been used to maintain the suppleness of skin and muscle, to heal abrasions, to give body and sheen to hair and soothe the drying effects of sun and wind. Additionally, olive oil has been utilized in folk remedies for an array of uses; strengthening weak nails, aiding in digestion, curing the effects of alcohol consumption, relieving aching muscles, lowering blood pressure and many other uses.

Japanese scientists also claim that virgin olive oil applied to the skin after sunbathing could protect against skin cancer by slowing tumor growth. Colon cancer is the second most common cancer in many Western countries. It is much more prevalent in the industrialized world than in developing nations in Asia and Africa. The main treatment is surgery to remove the cancerous area of the bowel and chemotherapy if the disease has spread. The researchers believe constituents of olive oil such as flavonoids, squalene and polyphenols may help to protect against cancer. Flavonoids and polyphenols are antioxidants which help prevent cell damage from oxygen-containing chemicals called free radicals. The scientists called for further studies to substantiate their findings.

To get the most benefit from olive oil, make sure to look for extra virgin olive oil. This oil comes from the very first cold press of the olive and contains the highest and purest amounts of disease fighting polyphenols. Also, unlike other oils, olive oil should be kept cool, either in the refrigerator of other dark cool spot. This will make sure your olive oil maintains its protective qualities, as well as its great taste.

The greatest exponent of monounsaturated fat is olive oil, and it is a prime component of the Mediterranean Diet. Olive oil is a natural juice which preserves the taste, aroma, vitamins and properties of the olive fruit. Olive oil is the only vegetable oil that can be consumed as it is - freshly pressed from the fruit.

Olive oil is very well tolerated by the stomach. In fact, olive oil’s protective function has a beneficial effect on ulcers and gastritis. Olive oil activates the secretion of bile and pancreatic hormones much more naturally than prescribed drugs. Consequently, it lowers the incidence of gallstone formation.

Studies have shown that people who consumed 25 milliliters (mL) - about 2 tablespoons - of virgin olive oil daily for 1 week showed less oxidation of LDL cholesterol and higher levels of antioxidant compounds, particularly phenols, in the blood.(4)

 

Olive oil versus canola oil


Do not fall into the hype which is put out by traditional medicine regarding the promotion of canola oil (rapeseed) as superior due to its concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids. Olive oil is far superior and has been around for thousands of years. Canola oil is a relatively recent development and the original crops were unfit for human consumption due to their high content of a dangerous fatty acid called euric acid.

If the taste of olive oil is a problem, or if you are frying or sautéing food, then you should consider coconut oil. Many nutritionally misinformed people would consider this unwise due to coconut oil’s nearly exclusive content of saturated fat. However, this is just not the case. Because it has mostly saturated fat, it is much less dangerous to heat. The heat will not tend to cause the oil to transition into dangerous trans fatty acids.

Eating a traditional Mediterranean diet, including a pound of vegetables and several tablespoons of olive oil a day, may reduce your risk of dying from heart disease, cancer and other causes, suggests a large new study from Greece. This adds to the growing body of evidence on the health benefits of this diet, which is rich in vegetables, fruits, beans, whole-grain breads and olive oil. In Greece, the diet contains a moderate amount of fish and dairy products and is low in meat. Wine is consumed in moderation and generally during meals.

The Mediterranean diet varies between countries and regions, but it usually gets about 30% to 40% of total calories from fat, mostly olive oil, a monounsaturated fat. Researchers at the University of Athens and Harvard University tracked more than 22,000 adults, ages 20 to 86, in Greece for almost four years.

People in Greece eat about a pound of vegetables a day, mostly cooked because it would be impossible to eat that quantity of raw vegetables, she says. “We cook a stew of vegetables with eggplant, zucchini, okra, wild greens in olive oil with garlic, onion and herbs.” Salads are served with fish, and vegetables like zucchini and spinach are boiled and seasoned with lemon and olive oil, she says.

This Mediterranean diet probably has six to nine servings of vegetables a day, says Colleen Doyle, director of nutrition and physical activity for the American Cancer Society. That’s far more than what most Americans eat, which is believed to be between two and three servings a day, she says.

But would time-pressed Americans who were weaned on fast food and processed fare really want to eat this way? With this diet, you may have to spend more time in the kitchen, “but you will live longer,” says Dimitrios Trichopoulos, a coauthor on the study and a professor of cancer prevention at the Harvard School of Public Health. “It’s a matter of choice.” For a lot of people, this diet probably seems like a stretch, but it’s something they should be striving for, Doyle says. “This is another study that shows if we’d focus more on fruits, vegetables and whole grains and eat less red meat and high-fat dairy products, we’d be a lot healthier,” she says.

Olive oil in moderate quantities also has the following health benefits: It

GARLIC

Garlic has been a companion to humans for thousands of years. GarlicRecorded history tells us that garlic was consumed in large quantities by the workers at the construction sites of the pyramids in ancient Egypt.

The parent compound in garlic that is indirectly responsible for health and therapeutic effects is called alliin. In an intact or whole clove of garlic, alliin is inactive, but when the garlic clove is crushed or chopped, the alliin is converted to allicin, a biologically active compound. Allicin will then spontaneously break down into a number of other compounds that have health promoting effects. Allicin also gives garlic its characteristic smell. The enzyme responsible for this chemical conversion is called alliinase. In the past year, researchers have learned important information about the enzyme alliinase. The biologically active allicin is active when it is heated during cooking, therefore it is heat stable. The enzyme alliinase, however, is killed when it is heated. Much of this research is being conducted at Penn State by John A. Milner, Ph.D.

Dr. Milner suggests that when cooking garlic, you should crush or finely chop the garlic and let it sit for at least 10 minutes so that the enzyme alliinase has a chance to work. Again, alliinase only “turns on” when the garlic clove is crushed or chopped. After the garlic sits for ten minutes, cooking garlic shouldn’t reduce it’s health promoting properties. For example, roasted whole garlic will not possess many health promoting properties. The alliinase enzyme in roasted garlic has not been activated, and alliin has not been converted to allicin. In addition to the active breakdown products produced from allicin, garlic also contains a variety of minerals and vitamins A, B-1, and C. Allicin contains high levels of sulfur containing compounds that contribute to its health promoting properties. Recently it has been found that other compounds in garlic, called saponins, deliver health benefits as well. Saponins are steroids contained in garlic and these have been associated with cholesterol lowering effects.

Although many studies have tested garlics health promoting potential, and the herb has been used widely since ancient times, it is important to use caution when eating garlic to prevent and treat medical conditions. More studies are needed to assess what health risks may be connected with therapeutic dosages and to assess the type of garlic preparation and the amount that needs to be eaten to provide maximum benefits.

Already then it was known that garlic could boost stamina and help the body recover from fatigue. In addition, folklore tells us that garlic was used, both in the East and the West, for preventing colds or for treating stomach aches, and for healing scratches. Thus, the medicinal efficacy of garlic has been known for a long time, long before scientists began to seriously study this vegetable. In the following paragraphs, we will explain the many health benefits of garlic.

A major scientific discovery was made in 1942 when a substance called “allicin” was found in garlic by American scientists; it soon became clear that allicin was a major factor that contributed to the health benefits of garlic. Allicin has many valuable properties, but the most powerful one is its ability to resist or kill bacteria, as we will explain later in detail. The second major characteristic of allicin is its unique ability to team up with other substances which then increases its health benefits. In particular, it works with thiamine (vitamin B1); the two combine to become allithiamine, a more powerful force than thiamine to repair the body. Thirdly, in 1936 in Japan, garlic was found to contain a substance called “scordinine” which is effective for increasing stamina, for helping the body recover from fatigue, and for promoting metabolism. After these initial discoveries, scientists have researched the health benefits of these substances in more detail, and the following facts are now known:

The Power of “allicin” and “scordinine”:
The antibacterial properties of allicin are so extraordinary that, even when diluted to 120 thousandth, it is powerful enough to annihilate the devastating effect of cholera, typhoid, and dysentery bacteria. This is because allicin penetrates the bacteria and destroys their proteins, thereby limiting their destructive attacks on a healthy body. Needless to say, allicin is all the more effective when it encounters less powerful bacteria, such as the cold and influenza viruses.

The other remarkable health benefit of allicin is its ability to combine with thiamine to form allithiamine, which has the same properties as thiamine and yet works more effectively than thiamine itself. Now, a brief explanation of what thiamine does inside the body is in order here. Thiamine is responsible for the creation of energy that our body needs. Energy is generated from glucose; thiamine is indispensable in the process of dissolving glucose and thus generating energy. If the body lacks in thiamine, it cannot produce enough energy, and a person feels tired and lacking in stamina. One problem with thiamine, however, is that it is not readily absorbed and is thus easily flushed out of the body. Allithiamine, on the other hand, does not have this problem. In particular, its advantages are as follows: a) The amount of vitamin B1 (thiamine) that the human body can absorb at one time is only about 10 mg, but an unlimited amount of allithiamine can be taken in by the body; b) Once inside the body, allithiamine remains inside the blood, so the body can store it in large amounts and use it as need arises.

The first experiments using scordinine were conducted on mice. It was found that scordinine-fed mice swam four times longer than scordinine-free animals and that there was a marked difference in growth between these two groups. Subsequent studies have shown that scordinine activates human metabolism, works inside the body in the same way as thiamine, and stimulates the hormone system to boost stamina.

Diallyl Sulphides

The diallyl sulphides obtained from garlic are less powerful than allicin but still provide some benefits to health. Diallyl sulphides are also less volatile than allicin. They do not degrade as quickly and, importantly, the health benefits survive cooking. Note that garlic still needs to be chopped or crushed to produce the sulphides - if garlic is cooked whole then it has almost no medicinal value or health benefits.

Diallyl sulphides do not share the antifungal properties of allicin. However they are good for the blood and circulation. The sulphides can help to lower the levels of “bad” cholesterol, hence garlic can help to keep the heart and cardiovascular system healthy.

Diallyl suphides also have a reputation for boosting the immune system and possibly even being effective against cancer. The garlic sulphides break down in the body within a few hours so for maximum health benefit it is best to have “a little often” as opposed to one large daily dose.

Other powerful substances in garlic


In addition to these important substances, garlic contains a great deal of other nutrients that are essential for the human body: proteins, fatty substances, minerals (inorganic minerals such as phosphorus, calcium, sodium, etc.), and amino acids (lysine, arginine etc.). Garlic also contains a substance that has the same function as vitamin E which is known to improve blood circulation, to cleanse the blood, to increase red corpuscles, and to refresh cells by promoting the circulation of oxygen throughout the body.

Now, the ability of allicin to combine with other substances works here, too. This time, it teams up with a fatty substance to become fatty allicin which works in the same way inside the body as vitamin E. As a result, this fatty allicin is effective not only for aging of cells and for beautifying the skin, but also for cleansing the blood and for making the blood circulation smoother because of its antioxidant activity.

Garlic and Cancer


Ever since a report came out of the United States showing that a liquid extracted from garlic can control the growth of cancerous cells in cancer patients and thereby prolonging their lives, many studies have been conducted on this subject throughout the world. It is now suspected that a mineral called “germanium” found in garlic may have something to do with the effectiveness of garlic against cancer, but more studies are needed to find out how garlic works on cancerous cells.

Indeed, the first scientific report to study garlic and cancer was performed in the 1950s. Scientists injected allicin, an active ingredient from garlic, into mice suffering from cancer. Mice receiving the injection survived more than 6 months whereas those which did not receive the injection only survived 2 months.

Many studies showed that the organic ingredient of garlic, allyl sulfur, another active ingredient in garlic, are effective in inhibiting or preventing cancer development. Many observational studies in human being also investigated the association of using garlic and allyl sulfur and cancer. Out of the 37 studies, 28 studies showed evidence that garlic can prevent cancer. The evidence is particularly strong in prevention of prostate and stomach cancers. This particular study looking at the risk of stomach cancer was especially interesting. This study was conducted in China. Researchers found that smokers with high garlic intake have a relatively lower stomach cancer risk than smokers with low garlic intake.

A large-scale epidemiological Iowa Women’s Health Study looked at the garlic consumption in 41,000 middle-aged women. Results showed that women who regularly consumed garlic had 35% lower risk of developing colon cancer. It is thought that the allyl sulfur compounds in garlic prevent cancer by slowing or preventing the growth of the cancer tumor cells.

Garlic Key Message: In order to maximize the health benefits of garlic, it is suggested to wait 15 minutes between peeling and cooking garlic to allow the enzymatic reaction to occur to retain some health benefits of garlic. If you use garlic supplements, use the enteric coated tablets so that the healthy ingredients can survive the stomach and be absorbed into the bloodstream in the small intestines Please be cautious if you are taking garlic supplements and blood thinners such as aspirin and warfarin at the same time. Garlic supplements will further thin your blood. In addition, it is suggested to discontinue garlic supplementation at least 7 days prior to surgery.

Garlic and Cholesterol


There are now over 12 well designed studies published around the world that confirm that garlic in several forms can reduce cholesterol. Most recently researchers in Oxford and America have published some summaries of all the good data on garlic.

Garlic as lipid lowering agent - a meta analysis

 
The authors state that garlic supplements have an important part to play in the treatment of high cholesterol and that this paper reviews all the published and unpublished data from around the world. Overall a 12% reduction in total cholesterol was shown over a placebo and that this reduction was normally evident after only 4 weeks treatment and that this was likely to persist for as long as the study was in progress.

The largest study so far was conducted in Germany where 261 patients from 30 general practices were given either garlic powder tablets or a placebo. After a 12 week treatment period mean serum cholesterol levels dropped by 12% in the garlic treated group and triglycerides dropped by 17% compared to the placebo group.

Garlic-Why Eat It?


Garlic is one of the most potent and—from a health perspective—most powerful members of the onion family (Allium). Most of the health benefits derive from the more than 100 sulfur compounds it contains, especially allicin, which is responsible for garlic’s characteristic scent and flavor. Allicin is formed when the garlic bulbs are crushed, chopped, or chewed. Among the promising health benefits of garlic are that it may protect against stomach and colon cancer, slow the buildup of artery-clogging plaque, prevent the formation of blood clots, help lower blood pressure, reduce the chances of infection, improve nasal congestion and sinusitis.

 

 


vinegarVINEGAR                                                                  

In Chinese Medicine, there is no hard and fast line between a food and a medicine.  As the well-known Chinese saying goes,      "Food and medicines have a common source."  Following on the           heels   of  the popularity of artisanal olive oils, artisanal vinegars are quickly becoming a focus of attention in the world  of cooking and cuisine. So far, this attention has mainly centered on these vinegars' extraordinary flavors. However, just as many have discovered the healing benefits of olive oil, vinegar also has its many health benefits and medicinal uses. This is especially so in Chinese medicine. In Chinese, vinegar is called ku jiu, bitter wine, chun cu, pure vinegar, and mi cu, rice vinegar.

It is primarily made in China from fermented millet, wheat, sorghum, and rice. According to Chinese medical theory, vinegar’s flavor is sour and bitter and its nature or temperature is warm. It enters the liver and stomach channels, and its functions are that it scatters stasis, stops bleeding, resolves toxins, and kills worms. In professional Chinese medicine, various Chinese medicinals are stir-fried in vinegar in order to either help target them to the liver-gallbladder or to increase their functions of moving the qi and quickening the blood. However, in Chinese folk medicine, vinegar is a medicinal in its own right, treating a wide range of disorders and complaints, including internal medicine, gynecological, dermatological, and traumatological conditions.

Apple cider vinegar has long been used in folk remedies. Hippocrates, the father of medicine, used it in 400 B.C. to treat his patients. Dr. Jarvis, the author of the book, Folk Medicine, states “One reason for the versatility of apple cider vinegar as a remedy in Vermont folk medicine is that it associates minerals with potassium. These are phosphorous, chlorine, sodium, magnesium, calcium, sulfur, iron, flourine, silicon and many trace minerals.” He also stresses the importance of the mineral potassium in particular as he states “potassium is to soft tissues what calcium is to hard tissues.”

Another illustration of the importance of potassium is stated by Paul Bragg, N.D., Ph.D. in his book Apple Cider Vinegar, about an experiment conducted in 1912. He states “Research scientist Dr. Alexis Carrel kept the cells of an embryo chicken heart alive and healthy for over 30 years by daily monitoring its complete nutrition, cleansing, and elimination. The normal life span of an average chicken is 7-8 years.” The chicken embryo was given apple cider vinegar daily for its supply of potassium. Dr. Carrel could have gone on with the experiment, but he felt he had proved his point that healthy cells can continue to rejuvenate with proper maintenance.

Also explained by Dr.Paul Bragg is the body’s amazing ability to constantly rejuvenate itself. He explains that every three months a new bloodstream is built, every eleven months we build a new set of billions of body cells, and every two years new sets of bones and hard tissues are built. This constant state of renewal is indicative of the body’s fight to stay young, healthy and full of life with proper nutrition, minerals and elimination of toxins. Apple cider vinegar provides important minerals and also has a detoxifying effect on the liver.

Brown rice vinegar has been called the eastern version of apple cider vinegar. The flavor has about half the sharpness and a subtle sweetness. When shopping for brown rice vinegar, Kyushu is a particular type that stands out from the rest. It accounts for less than one percent of Japan’s annual 100 million gallon production of vinegar. Unlike other brown rice vinegars, Kyushu is buried in the ground outdoors in glazed crocks where it is allowed to ferment. This keeps the temperature constant which is very important because variations in temperature can ruin a batch very quickly. This process includes high quality ingredients and is much more tedious than conventional brown rice vinegar, but the end result yields superior flavor and five times the amount of amino acids.

Authentic vinegar is very useful to the body and research suggests the amino acids are partly responsible for the medicinal effect. John and Jan Belleme, authors of the book, Culinary Treasures of Japan, state in their book “Dr. Yoshio Takino, of Shizuka University, Japan, has confirmed the importance of vinegar’s amino acids. According to Takino, the twenty amino acids and sixteen organic acids found in authentic rice vinegar help prevent the formation of toxic fat peroxides. He explains that when unsaturated fatty acids from vegetable oils and other foods are heated and exposed to light in cooking or oxidized during metabolism, fat peroxides can form, which contribute to aging and to cholesterol formation on blood vessel walls.”

Both apple cider vinegar and brown rice vinegar are used medicinally for various ailments. There are, however, other types of vinegar which are used all around the world to add taste and appeal to all types of dishes. Modena, Italy is known for its great tasting balsamic vinegar. It is made by gently crushing wine grapes and then boiling the juice in a vat. After several more steps it is poured into wooden casts to ferment. The method of making “Traditional” or the “real thing” takes years and is very expensive. The end product is a nice balance of sweet and sour and lends full, rich flavor to all it is sprinkled on.

The research that has been done on apple cider vinegar and brown rice vinegar speaks for itself concerning the health benefits. I was unable to find health related information supporting other vinegar types. This is not to say, however, that this research is not in the works. Something to look for when shopping for either wine vinegar or balsamic vinegar is a type of preservative called sulfites. Marcio Bontempo, a medical doctor in Brazil has stated “one in five people is sulfite-sensitive,” and that “five percent of those who have asthma are also at risk of suffering an adverse reaction to the substance.” Whichever types of vinegars you decide to experiment with, by all means add them to your dishes to impart fresh, zingy flair to all your culinary creations.

GINGER (ROOT)                                             

Ginger root is a perennial herb native to China and India, ginger root has been used for centuries in Asian cooking and medicines. Ginger root                

 Ancient peoples used ginger root to cure everything from menstrual cramps to seasickness to food poisoning to body. The roots of the plant, called rhizomes, are where the benefits of ginger root lie.

The benefits of ginger root have been well researched as modern science is discovering more and more therapeutic applications for this powerful herb.

Aids in Digestion - Perhaps the best herb for digestion, ginger root prevents indigestion and abdominal cramping. Ginger also helps break down proteins, aiding the digestion process.
Alleviates High Blood Pressure - Ginger improves and stimulates circulation and relaxes the muscles surrounding blood vessels, facilitating the flow of blood throughout the body.
Treats Nausea and Morning Sickness - Ginger has been widely shown to prevent as well as treat motion sickness. Ginger root relaxes the stomach and relieves the feeling of nausea. 

Other Health Benefits of Ginger Root

Research shows that ginger root may help treat ulcers. Ginger also possesses antiinflammatory properties that could help with arthritis. It has been used to fight off and alleviate the symptoms of colds and flu, as it contains immunity-boosting abilities.

There’s real science behind the legends and myths that are associated with ginger.

Decades of research have revealed the wealth of health locked inside gingerroot. In addition to containing nutritional pluses such as vitamin A, vitamin C, and phytochemicals, this robust rhizome can soothe an upset tummy, kill harmful microbes, and help clear toxins from the blood. Best of all, you don’t need to eat ginger by the pound to get the effects and benefits. Most studies have found that as little as a gram a day—less than a teaspoon of freshly grated ginger—gets fight to work helping to protect your system from a number of diseases.

The concentrated antioxidants in ginger guard against cancer before it starts by halting cell damage caused by rogue oxygen molecules. Other powerful compounds in ginger show the ability to stop existing tumors from reproducing, and even kill some pre- and early-stage cancer cells. Scientists have found other attributes to ginger, including evidence that ginger can:

prevent blood clots from forming.
reduce blood cholesterol.
kill harmful microorganisms that contaminate food.
protect against unwanted microbes that pass into the digestive system.
soothe the symptoms associated with colds (and even be toxic to the types of viruses believed to cause the common cold).
work topically as an antibacterial ointment, provide relief of arthritis pain and swelling, and inhibit development of pre-cancerous skin growths.
act as an effective anti nausea remedy, especially for the nausea associated with motion sickness and pregnancy


Ginger boasts attribu
tes above and beyond its versatile flavor and its natural compounds that promote physical health. Ginger has a pleasant aroma that could soothe the “savage beast” within. In a study on depression, the smell of fresh ginger was considered by subjects to be so pleasant that they ranked it as one of the most calming fragrances among the choices tested. In one study of migraine sufferers, ginger was reviewed for its qualities as an analgesic when eaten and as a provider of comfort via its aroma. In both aspects, gingerroot was able to provide at least some temporary relief from the debilitating headaches.

 



Sources for this information include and are not limited to…

OLIVE OIL


www.ill.com/Health.htm; www.fleminghill.com/Health.htm;
http://ky.essortment.com/oliveoil_rzeo.htm;
http://nc.essortment.com/oliveoilhealth_rbqa.htm;
Creed, S. 2002. Let food be your medicine. Claremont: Anderson Publishing.
Carattini, Lisa: The Benefits of olive oil: olive Oil has been discovered to significantly lower the risk of heart disease and breast cancer. PageWise, Inc. (2002)
Keys A, Menotti A, Karvonen MJ, et al.: The diet and 15-year death rate in the Seven Countries Study. Am J Epidemiol 124: 903-915 (1986)
Willett WC: Diet and coronary heart disease. Monographs in Epidemiology and Biostatistics 15: 341-379 (1990) World Health Organization: Diet, nutrition, and the prevention of chronic diseases. Report of a WHO Study Group. WHO Technical Report Series 797, Geneva 1990
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition April 2002;56:114-120
Gut Magazine 2000;46:191-199.
Stewart, Kimberly Lord; Olive oil’s slippery supply line - Italian extra-virgin not always real thing. Special to The Denver Post, Denver Post article (Sunday, October 26, 2003)
Hellmich, Nanci; Add 1 lb. of veggies, olive oil. USA TODAY (June 25, 2003)

Reuters January 25, 2001 - Olive Oil, Cancer Killer
Reuters, London, September 19, 2000 - Olive Oil May Prevent Colon Cancer By Patricia Reaney

GARLIC

Tsang, Gloria, RD - Benefits of Garlic in Cancer
Silagy CS, Neil HAW, 1994, The Journal of the Royal College of Physicians, Vol 28 No 1:39-45
WholeHealthMD Reference Library

GINGER
Ginger aid. (the health benefits of ginger)(Brief Article)
Better Homes & Gardens, May, 2000, by David Feder

 

 

 

CAPSICUM


http://aanp.net/Library/articles.lay/EK.stroke.html
http://www.djherbs.com/cardiohealth.htm
http://www.treelite.com/NaturesField/capsicum.html
http://www.geocities.com/nutriflip/Naturopathy/Capsicum.html
http://cancer.med.upenn.edu/cancer_news/1994/hot_candy.html
http://www.viable-herbal.com/herbdesc/1capsicu.htm
http://www.thenutritionreporter.com/hot_stuff.html
http://www.healthcentral.com/peoplespharmacy/PharmFullText.cfm?id=31927
http://www.healthcentral.com/drdean/deanfulltexttopics.cfm?id=44087
http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/sustainable/peet/profiles/c14peppe.html
http://www.bagelhole.org/drafts/Capsicain.html
http://pubs.acs.org/hotartcl/tcaw/00/may/dong.html
http://www.ncmedicaljournal.com/Smith-OK.htm
http://www.confex.com/ift/99annual/abstracts/3738.htm
http://www.cookingwithfire.com
http://edgein.home.mindspring.com/science/majorcap.html
http://chileheads.netimages.com
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/micro/gallery/phytochemicals/phytochemical.html
http://wwwchem.uwimona.edu.jm:1104/lectures/peppers.html


Jeni Tod and Nikki Catt, Keble College, Oxford [CH] Health Benefits of Chiles - Indian article
George Nelson (70431.3065@compuserve.com) Sun, 27 Feb 2000 10:58:29 -0500
Journal_of_the_Science_of_Food_and_Agriculture_ (1999 79:1733)
“ Pro-or antioxygenic activity of tejpat (Cinnamomum tamala) and red chilli (Capsicum annum) in sunflower oil” by A D Semwal, G K Sharma and S S Arya at the Defence Food Research Laboratory inMysore, India.
Creams, Sprays, Gels, Sticks, Powders, and Compounds: A Capsaicin Update, 2000 by Dave DeWitt
The Healing Powers of Peppers, by myself, Melissa T. Stock, and Kellye Hunter (New York: Three Rivers Press, 1998).
Excerpted from the book The Healing Powers of Chile Peppers, by Dave DeWitt, Melissa T. Stock, and Kellye Hunter by Three Rivers Press, New York, NY.
Bob Flaws’s The Tao of Healthy Eating or Blue Poppy Institute’s Distance Learning program of the same name. Copyright © Blue Poppy Press, 2001. All rights reserved.

 

VINEGAR
The Use of Vinegar in Chinese Medicine by Bob Flaws, Dipl. Ac. & C.H., FNAAOM, FRCHM
The Value of Vinegar by Cheryl Player
References Pitchford, P. Healing With Whole Foods. Berkely, CA. North Atlantic Books. 1993. Belleme, John & Jan. Culinary Treasures of Japan. Garden City Park, NY. Avery Publishing Group Inc. 1992 Jarvis, D.C., M.D., Folk Medicine. Fawcett Crest, NY. Ballantine Books. 1958 Bragg, Paul C., N.D., Ph.D. & Bragg, Patricia N.D., Ph.D. Apple Cider Vinegar. Santa Barbara, CA. Oberbeil, Klaus. Lose Weight with Apple Vinegar. McKinney, TX. The Magni Group. 1998. Somerville, Annie. Field of Greens. Broadway, NY. Bantam Books. 1993.
The Grain and Salt Society, 273 Fairway Drive, Asheville, NC 28805 — Fax: (828) 299-1640

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